Genital warts are a common viral skin condition affecting the genital or surrounding areas. They can vary in size and number and may persist or recur over time. Many people seek assessment because of uncertainty about diagnosis, concerns about spread, or previous treatment that has not been effective.
Genital warts are benign skin growths caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear as small raised bumps, flat lesions, or clusters with a rough or cauliflower-like surface. Warts may affect the external genital skin, the area around the anus, or nearby surrounding skin.
They can vary significantly in appearance and number, and not all lesions in the genital area are genital warts. Because other skin conditions can look similar, clinical assessment is important to confirm the diagnosis before treatment is considered.
Genital warts treatment is based on careful clinical assessment and is carried out by experienced surgeons. The choice of treatment depends on the number of warts, their size, location, and whether there has been previous treatment or recurrence.
Options that may be discussed include:
Surgical removal
For suitable lesions, genital warts may be removed surgically by a trained surgeon. This approach allows precise removal of visible wart tissue while minimising damage to surrounding skin. Surgical techniques are selected based on the sensitivity of the area and the characteristics of the warts.
Targeted destructive techniques
In some cases, surgeons may use methods designed to destroy wart tissue directly. These are chosen carefully depending on location and skin type and may be used alone or alongside surgical removal.
Staged or repeat treatment
When warts are multiple, extensive, or recurrent, treatment may be planned over more than one session. This allows healing between treatments and helps manage recurrence safely.
Treatment removes visible warts but does not eliminate the underlying HPV infection. As a result, recurrence can occur, particularly in the months following treatment. This is discussed during consultation so expectations are clear.
The procedure begins with confirmation of the diagnosis and discussion of the planned approach. Treatment is carried out in a private clinical setting, with care taken to minimise discomfort and protect surrounding skin.
The area is prepared, and the selected treatment method is applied to the wart tissue only. The length of the procedure varies depending on the number and location of warts. Aftercare advice is provided, including what to expect during healing and when to seek review.
Follow-up may be recommended to assess healing or manage any recurrence, as some patients require more than one treatment session.
