Verrucas, also known as plantar warts, are a common foot condition caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). In their early stages, they may appear subtle, often just a rough patch of skin or a small dark dot, but catching them early makes treatment faster and more effective.
This guide explains the beginning stages of a verruca, how to recognise the early signs, and the best ways to manage or remove them before they become more painful or spread.
What a Verruca Is
A verruca is a wart that develops on the sole of the foot, usually in areas where pressure or friction occurs, such as the heel or the ball of the foot. Unlike common warts, verrucas grow inward because of the pressure from walking or standing.
How verrucas form
When HPV enters the skin through a small cut, scratch, or weakened skin barrier, it triggers extra skin growth. Over time, this creates a hard, rough surface that can become painful if left untreated.
Common areas where they develop
- Heels
- Balls of the feet
- Around the toes
People who walk barefoot in public areas, such as swimming pools or gyms, are more likely to pick up the virus, especially if they have small cracks or cuts on the feet.
Early Signs of a Verruca
Recognising a verruca early is key to easier treatment. The beginning stages often look and feel very different from a fully developed, painful wart.
Flat, rough patches on the foot
Early verrucas are often flat and rough to the touch, blending in with the surrounding skin. Over time, they may become more raised and hardened.
Tiny black dots (“wart seeds”)
Small black dots may appear at the centre of the verruca. These are tiny clotted blood vessels, often referred to as “wart seeds,” and are one of the key signs that it’s a verruca rather than a callus or corn.
Mild pain or tenderness when walking
Early-stage verrucas can feel slightly tender, particularly when walking barefoot or putting pressure on the area. This pain often worsens as the verruca grows deeper into the skin.
How Verrucas Spread
Verrucas are contagious, which is why they can easily spread between people or to different areas of your own feet.
Public spaces and skin contact
HPV thrives in warm, moist environments such as swimming pools, gyms, and communal showers. Walking barefoot in these areas increases the risk of infection.
Why some people are more prone
- Weakened immune systems
- Cuts, cracks, or dry skin on the feet
- Children and teenagers, whose skin is often more vulnerable
- People with diabetes, where skin health and healing can be compromised
Early Treatment Options
Treating a verruca in the early stages is often quicker, less painful, and more effective.
Over-the-counter remedies
Pharmacies sell topical treatments containing salicylic acid that can gradually dissolve the thickened skin. Consistent daily application is key, and results may take several weeks.
Professional surgical treatments for faster results
At a clinic, verrucas can be treated more quickly and effectively using:
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the verruca to destroy the infected tissue
- Laser therapy: Targeting and sealing the blood supply to the verruca
- Minor surgical removal: Carefully excising the verruca under local anaesthetic for instant removal
Professional verruca removal treatments are particularly helpful for painful, persistent, or multiple verrucas.
Preventing spread to others
- Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas
- Cover the verruca with a plaster or dressing
- Wash hands after touching or treating the area
- Avoid sharing towels, socks, or shoes
When to See a Doctor
Most verrucas are harmless, but some situations need professional attention.
Painful or stubborn verrucas
If a verruca becomes painful or doesn’t respond to over-the-counter treatments after several weeks, it’s time for a clinical review.
Multiple verrucas or rapid growth
Clusters of verrucas, or warts that spread quickly, may indicate a more aggressive infection or a weakened immune system that requires tailored management.
At City Dermatology Clinic, our dermatology specialists provide safe, same-day assessments and a range of effective treatments for verrucas at both our Harley Street and Queen Street locations in London.
